A Literature Review: The Impact of Experiential Learning on Developing Students' Critical Thinking Skills in Indonesia

Abstract

The use of the experiential learning model within learning often remains underutilized despite its proven effectiveness in enhancing students' abilities across various domains. There is a need for a review of existing studies applying this pedagogical approach. This research aims to disseminate the impact of research that has been carried out on the development of knowledge science. These findings affirm the effectiveness of experiential learning in cultivating critical aspects of students' thinking, aligning with the demands of modern education that emphasize deep and critical thinking skills. This model consistently contributes positively to students' abilities in analysis, evaluation of arguments, and making rational conclusions based on evidence. Students engaged in experiential learning show increased cognitive activity, more comprehensive participation, and high motivation to develop critical thinking skills. The stages of implementing this model, from concrete experience to active experimentation, blend real-world experiences with the development of students' critical thinking skills. This process involves direct experience, reflection, conceptualization, and implementation, reflecting a student-centred, experientially-based learning approach. This research provides a strong basis for considering the adoption of experiential learning to enhance the quality of learning and the development of critical thinking skills in future educational endeavours.