The Role of ChatGPT in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Learning and Teaching: A Systematic Review

Abstract

The potential role of ChatGPT in English as a foreign language (EFL) learning and teaching has not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted using Web of Science to identify the effectiveness of ChatGPT in promoting EFL learning and teaching. The database was searched until May 2024. The review summarizes findings from twenty-one studies extracted from the Web of Science database to get a better insight into the advantages and drawbacks of using ChatGPT in the field of EFL education. The review results showed that ChatGPT significantly improved students’ EFL learning experiences and teachers’ teaching practices. The main advantages of ChatGPT in EFL education are that it can improve learners’ language proficiency and basic language skills of speaking, listening, reading, grammar, vocabulary and especially the writing skill in addition to its ability to increase motivation and engagement, enhance learner autonomy, and provide individualized learning opportunities. Despite these beneficial effects, students and teachers approach ChatGPT with caution mostly because of its limitations and ethical issues. This systematic review research contributes to the understanding the key benefits and drawbacks of ChatGPT in the specific area of EFL teaching and learning.